Cartridge extracting and ejecting mechanism for firearms



July 7, 1925.

T. H. EICKHOFF CARTRIDGE EXTRACTING AND EJECTING MECHANISM FOR FIREARMS Filed Feb. 2, 1924 Enne Patented July 7, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENTv OFFICE.

THEODORE H. EICKHOFF, 0F HARTFORD.

CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

CARTRIDGE EXTRACTING AND EJECTING MECHANISM FIREARHS.

Application led February 2, 1924. Serial No. 690,126.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THnoDoRE H. EICK- HOFF, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented new and useful Improvements in Cartrid e Extracting and Ejecting Mechanism for Fgirearms, of which the following is a specification.

This instrument` relates to iirearms of the kind provided with cartridge extracting and ejecting mechanism, and more particularly to the construction and operation of the parts' of a firearm involved in the extraction andv ejection of a cartridge.

In the usual form of firearm, in which the extractor and ejector mechanism is'controlled by retraction of the bolt in the receiver, as by recoil, the speed of travel of the bolt is so great that the cartridge is thrown a considerable distance from the firearm with an objectionably large force. Fui zhermore, the strain and wear produced on the mechanism of the firearm is unnecessarily large.

Objects of the present invention are to overcome these difficulties; to provide means whereby a cartridve may be ejected from a firearm with less force and a smaller throw than that produced .by a firearm using the ordinary form of extractor and ejector mechanism; to provide a cartridge extractor and ejector mechanism of improved construction 'and operation in which the extractor member is partially dlsplaced with respect to the boltl uring retraction of the bolt within the receiver and then restored eration of firearms of the kind to its normal position to facilitate assembly upon further retraction of the bolt, and generally to improve the construction and opreferred to. In one aspect of the invention an extractor for a firearm is so constructed and its most advanced position, lthe cartridge,'causes a partial release of the shaped with? relation to the bolt and receiver that rearward movement of the bolt from while engaging l cartridge just prior to or at the time of its contact with the ejector, that portion of the extractor retaining engagement with the cartridge'being so, shaped that further retraction of the bolt causes the cartridge to be thrown only a moderate distance fromthe rearm as compared with the usual distance to which a cartridge is thrown when vterminates the ordinary form of are used. Upon further retraction of the bolt the extractor restores to its original relation with respect to the bolt so that as,- sembly or disassembly of the extractor and the bolt may be readily accomplished.

An embodiment of a species of which my lnvention is a genus, is described hereinafter in connection with the accompanying draw: ings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a portion of a firearm;

Fig. 2 is a section of Fig. l on the line 2 2; and v y Fig. 3 is a section of 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 4 and 5 are detail views showing the shape of certain parts.

In Fig. 1 the barrel 10 is secured to the receiver 11 within which is mounted the longitudinally extractor collar 13 as shown in Fig. 2, or of any usual construction, mounted within the recess 14 in the bolt, the extractor 15 having a lug 16 which is undercut to receive the ears 17 of the extractor collar. The forward end of the extractor is pro- .vided with the bevelled hook or nose 18. The sprin portion 19 of the extractor member exten s rearwardly from the lug 16 and in the back rest 20, the tension of the spring portion being such that the ends of the extractor are normally pressed against the bolt while the portion 16 is forced away from the bolt and pressed against the lower surfaces of ears 17.

A slot or recess 21 centrally disposed between the sides of the extractor extends between the nose 18 and the lug 16. An auxiliary extractor lever 22 is positioned within the slot 21 on pivot 23 supported from extractor 15. Lever 22 is normally pressed in a counter-clockwise direction by the tension of spring y24, one end of which presses against the bolt and the other end of which presses the lever outward from the bolt, the tongue 25 of the extractor 15 providing a stop limiting the counter-clockwise rotation of the lever. The hook 26 the extractor on line at the forward end of lever 22 overhangs CONNECTICUT, ASS'IGNOR T0 AUTO-OBDNANCE extractor and ejector slidable bolt 12 havin'g the the rim of cartridge 27 and withdraws the cartridge from barrel 10 upon retraction of the bolt 12. The protrudmg stud 28 on lever 22 is provided with bevelled cam surfaces 29 and 30 which engage respectively nisms than prior fire arms, and the Jforce l Q 1,544,5ee

with cam surfaces 32 and 31 of the bearing 33 forming a part of, or secured to the receiver 11.

Cams 30' and 31 are so disposed that upon retraction of bolt 12 they engage in sliding Contact and cause lever 22 to rotate in aclockwise direction to release hook 26 from engagement with cartridge 27 slightly in advance of, or in, or slightly behind the position in which the cartridge engages ejector ,34. The bevelled edge of the nose 18 is so directedN that upon encountering the cartridge case when the bottom margin of the case encounters the ejector 34, the forward end of the extractor yields upwardly causing a' deflection of the spring portion 19 owing to the loose anchorage of the lug 16 to the bolt by way of collar 13. The bevel 18 is so directed and the cams 30 and 31 areso positioned with reference to ejector 34 that the cartridge case is ejected with the desired amount of force. By varying the slope of the bevel 18and the osition of the cam 31 longitudinally of the re arm, the force and' velocity with" which a cartridge case is ejected may be varied as desired.

When cam 29 registers with cam 32 upon further retraction of bolt 12, spring 24: causes the rotation of lever 22`in a counterclockwise direction to restore the lever to its normal relation with respect tothe bolt so that disassembly or assembly is facilitated.

lVhen the bolt is advanced from the last mentioned retracted position, cams 29 and 32 engage and cause lever 22 to rotate in a clockwise direction toa position which is retained as the bolt advances until cams 30 and 31 register to cause lever 22 to return to its normal position in which the hook 26 is adapted to snap over the head of cartridge case 27, after which the above described series of operations may be repeated. It will be seen that a firearm designed in accordance with the present invention is subjected to less strain and wear in the operation of the extractor and ejector mechawith which the cartridge case is ejected may be controlled as desired.

I claim:

1. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried by said bolt'for engaging and retracting a cartridge case when said bolt is retracted', and co-operating with said receiver for partially releasing the cartridge case in a predetermined retracted position, and an ejector engageable with the cartridge case at a point remote from the locus of partial release for co-operating with said means to eject the cartridge case while said bolt is being retracted.

2. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried by said bolt Jfor engaging and retracting a cartridge case when said bolt is retracted, said means co-operating with said receiver to yield outwardly from said bolt' to partially release the cartridge case in a predetermined retracted position, and an ejector for co-operating with said means to eject the cartridge case while said bolt is being retracted, said ejector engaging the cartridge case at a point remote from said outwardly yielding means.

3. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt lon 'tudinally slidable therein, means carrie by said bolt having a portion yieldable outwardly therefrom arranged to hold the end of a cartridge case in juxtaposition to the end of the bolt when the bolt is retracted from its most advanced position, said means having a cam co-operating with said 'receiver to cause said holding portion to yield outwardly when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position and to allow said portion to return inwardly toward said bolt at a predetermined more retracted position.

4. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried by said bolt for engaging and retracting a cartridge case when said bolt is retracted, said means co-operating with said receiver to yield outwardly from said bolt to partially release the cartridge case in a predetermined retracted position, and an ejector co-operating with said means to eject the cartridge case while said bolt is being retracted, said means co-operating with said receiver to return inwardly toward said bolt in a predetermined more retracted position;

5. In a firearm, a receiver, a -bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried by said bolt for grasping a cartridge case when the bolt is retracted from its most advanced position, said means co-operating with said receiver in a predetermined retracted position of the bolt to change its normal relation with respect to the bolt to-release its grasp on the cartridge case and co-operating with the receiver at a more retracted position of the bolt to restore said means to normal relation with respect to the bolt.

6. In a rearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried by said bolt having a portion yieldable outwardly therefrom and'arranged to hold the end of a cartridge casein juxtaposition to Athe end of the bolt when the bolt yis re- 7. In arearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein and having a re. cess in its periphery, a collar in said recess, means carried on said collar and bolt for lengaging and retracting a cartridge case when sa1d bolt is retracted, and co-operating with said receiver for partially releasing -the cartridge case in a predetermined retracted position, and an ejector for cooperating -With said means to eject the cartridge case while said bolt is being retracted.

8. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein and having a recess in its periphery, a collar in said recess, an extractor mounted on said collar and bolt and having a tongue engaging said bolt to hold the extractor against longitudinal vmovement of the bolt, said extractor having means for engaging and fretracting a cartridge case when said bolt is retracted, and co-operating with said receiver for partially releasing the cartridge case in a predetermined retracted position, and an ejector for co-operating with said means to eject the cartridge case while said bolt is being retracted.

9. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, a main extractor carried by said bolt, an extractor lever pivoted to said main extractor and having a hook at its forward end for grasping a cartridge case, means tending to rotate said lever to force said hook toward the bolt, said extractor having means yfor limiting the rotation of said lever and means for engaging with said receiver to cause said hook to release its hold on the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position, said main vextractor having a nose for engaging the cartridge case released by said hook, and an ejector co-operating with said nose to eject the cartridge case while said bolt is be with which ing retracted.,

'10. In a firearm, a barrel for holding a cartridge case, an ejector, means for extracting the cartridge case from said barrel, said means having two parts, one of which grasps the case to withdraw it from the barrel and upon withdrawal of the case from the barrel releases its grasp on the case,l and the other of which co-operates with said ejector to eject the cartridge case but engages the cartridge case only after the first part releases its grasp thereon.

11. In a firearm, a barrel for holding a cartridge case, an ejector, means for extracting the cartridge case from said barrel, said means having two parts, one of which grasps the case to withdraw it from the barrel and upon Withdrawal of the case from the barrel releases its grasp on the case, and the other of which co-operates with said ejector to eject the cartridge case, said last portion being arranged to limit the velocity the case is'ejected and being 'tudinally slidable therein,

disposed at the same side of the axis of the case as said ejector.

12. ,In a firearm, a receiver, tudinally slidable therein, a main extractor and an auxiliary extractor carried by said bolt, said auxiliary extractor having a hook for grasping a cartridge case, and means for engaging with said receiver to cause said hook to release its hold on the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position, said main extractor having a nose forengaging the cartridge case 'released by s'aid hook at a point closely adjacent the point previously engaged by said hook, and an ejector co-operating with said nse to eject the cartridge case.

13. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, a main extractor and an auxiliary extractor, carried by said bolt, said auxiliary extractor having a hook for grasping a cartridge case, and means for. engaging with said receiver to cause said hook to release its hold on the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position, said main .extractor having a nose` for engaging the cartridge case released by said hook, and an ejector co-operating with said nose to eject the cartridge case, said nose being bevelled to reduce the velocity with which the cartridge case is ejected.

14. In a firearm, a receiver, a. bolt longii tudinally slidable therein, a main extractor carried by said bolt and having a central slot therein, an auxiliary extractor disposed within said slot and having a hook for grasping a cartridge case, and means for engaging with said receiver to cause said hook to release its hold on the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position, said main extractor having a nose for engaging the cartridge case released by said hook, and an ejector co-operating with said nose to eject the cartridge case.

15. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, a main extractor carried by said bolt and having a central slot therein, an extractor lever disposed within said slot and pivoted to said main extractor, said extractor lever having a hook for grasping a cartridge case, and means for engagingl with said receiver to cause said hook to release its hold on the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position, said main extractor having a nose for engaging the cartridge case released by said hook, and an ejector cooperating with said nose to eject the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a pre etermined position.

16. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longia mainextractor carried by said bolt and having a central slot therein, an extractor lever disposed within said slot and pivoted between its enes to said main extractor, said extractor lever a bolt long.- I

(ill

having a hook at its forward end for grasping a cartridge case, and having means at its rearward end for engaging with said receiver to tilt the lever with respect to the bolt to cause said hook to release its hold on the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position, said main extractor having a nose for engaging the cartridge case released by said hook, and an ejector co-operating with said nose to eject the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position.

17. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, a main extractor carried by said bolt and having a central slot therein, an extractor lever disposed within said slot and pivoted between its ends to said main extractor, said extractor lever having a hook at its forward end for grasping a cartridge case and having means at lts rearward end for engaging with said receiver to tilt the lever with respect to the bolt to cause said hook to release its hold on the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position, said main extractor having a nose for engaging the cartridge case released b said hook, an ejector co-operating with said nose to eject the cartridge case when the bolt is retracted to a predetermined position, the rearward end of said lever engaging with said receiver when the the bolt is in a predetermined more retracted position to allow said lever to return to its original position with respect to the bolt.

18. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried y said bolt for engagin and retracting a cartridge case when said bolt is retracted and cooperating with said receiver for partially releasing the cartridge case in a predetermined retracted position, and an ejectorl movable linto the path of said cartridge case at the side of thelatter opposite said engaging andretracting means as the cartrldge case is retracted and cooperatin with said Vmeans to effect ejection of sai cartridge case.

19. In a iirearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinall mslidable therein, means carried y said boit for engaging and retracting a cartridge case when said bolt is retracted,

said means cooperating with said receiver Y to yield outwardly from said bolt to partially release the cartridge4 case in a predetermined position, and an ejector movable into the path of said cartridge case as the latter is retracted and engageable withl the latter at a point diametrically opposite said means and cooperating with said means to eiect ejection of said cartridge case.

20. In a rearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinall slidable therein, means carried by said olt for yieldingly en aging and retracting a cartridge case w en sald bolt is retracted, means positively cooperating therewith when said bolt is partially retracted to effect a partial release of one side of said cartridge case, and an ejector cooperating with the other side of the case to eject the latter while said bolt is being retracted.

21. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried y said bolt for engaging and retracting a cartridge case when said bolt is retracted, means cooperating therewith when said bolt is partially retracted to effect a partial release oi said cartridge case, and an ejector movable transversely into the path of said cartridge case as the latter is retracted and cooperating with said means to effect ejection of said cartridge case.

22. In a firearm, a receiver, a, bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried by said bolt for engaging and retracting a car-- tridge case when said bolt is retracted, and means for effecting a positive but controlled ejection of said cartridge case including an ejector movable into the path of the cartridge case as the latter is retracted and means for effecting a partial release of said case at approximately the instant when said case is engaged by said ejector.

23. In a firearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, means carried y said bolt for engaging and retracting a cartridge case when said bolt isretracted, and means for effecting a positive but controlled ejection of said cartridge case including means for substantially simultaneously effecting a artial releasing of one side of said cartri ge case and applying to the opposite side of the latter an ejecting force.

24. In a rearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, plural element extractor means carried b said bolt for effecting extraction of sai. when said bolt is retracted means for causin one of said extractor elements to release said cartridge case as said bolt is retracted, and ejector means cooperating with the remainder of said extractor means to effect ejection of said cartridge case, said releasing extractor element and said 'ejector means being at o posite sides of the axial line of the cartri ge case.

25. In a irearm, a receiver, a bolt longitudinally slidable therein, plural element extractor means carried by said bolt for' effecting extraction of ,said cartridge case when said bolt is retracted, means for causing one of said extractor elements to release said cartridge case as said. bolt is retracted and ejector means movable into the path of said cartridge case substantially at the same moment and cooperating with the remainder of said extractor means to e'ect ejectionpf said cartridge case.

26. In a firearm, a barrel for holding the cartridge case y cartridge case an ejector, means for extracting the cartridge case from said barrel, said means having two parts closely adjacent to yeach other and adapted to cooperate with the same side of the cartridge case, one of said parts being adapted to grasp the case t0 Withdraw it from the barrel and upon withdrawal of the case from the barrel to release its grasp on the case and the other of said parts cooperating with said ejector to eject the cartridge case.

Signed by me at Hartford, Conn., this twenty-fourth day of January, 1924.

THEODORE H. EICKI-IOFF. 

